Central America Song

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ww2iYWbfHPg

The Central America Song

Oye!

Vamos muchacho!

Central America

Central America

North of Columbia

South of America

And south of the United States lies the great country of Mexico

between the Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico

And in the Gulf of Mexico lie Cuba and the Caribbean

Mexico City is enormous

More than 20 million

And to the south lie ….

(The chorus is sung 4 times.)

Guatemala. Honduras, Belize, El Salvador, Nicaragua,  Costa Rica and Panama

Mas rapido!

Guatemala. Honduras, Belize, El Salvador, Nicaragua,  Costa Rica and Panama

Mas rapido!

Guatemala. Honduras, Belize, El Salvador, Nicaragua,  Costa Rica and Panama

Mas rapido!

Guatemala. Honduras, Belize, El Salvador, Nicaragua,  Costa Rica and Panama

Mas rapido!

Woooooooeeeeee!

Connecting the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic  is the Panama Canal.

Yes, the Panama Canal!

So when the boats want to get across the Americas, they go through and not around,

Yes, through and not around

And, south of Mexico….

Guatemala. Honduras, Belize, El Salvador, Nicaragua,  Costa Rica and Panama

In Class Assignment on Specialized Crops

Specialized Crops:  How do they plant, grow, harvest and process certain crops?

Various crops are grown for specific reasons such as building materials, clothing, medicine, food sources, and for aesthetics.  Here are a few examples: cork, hemp, aloe vera, cherries, and orchids.
Where is grown?
Why is this specialized crop valuable?
How is it planted, harvested and transported?
When is it planted or what season is it planted?

Who or what type of workers are needed?

Step 1:  Choose a plant, tree, fruit, root, vegetable or any product from vegetation.

Step 2:  Explain how the vegetation is planted and its stages of growth.

Step 3:  Tell us how the product is harvested.

Step 4: Indicate how the product is processed.

Step 5: Explain how it is transported and how it eventually arrives on your table.

You can use diagrams, short sentences, and arrows to indicate each step of this process.  Be sure to concentrate on a logical flow of ideas for the reader.

Artistic Style                                R          1          2          3          4

Content                                        R          1          2          3          4

Logical Sequence of Events          R          1          2          3          4

Editing                                          R          1          2          3          4

Presentation Skills                         R          1          2          3          4

(These involve the physical message or the following: eye contact, posture, enunciation, projection, volume, pace, and the avoidance of crutch words such as “umms” or “aaahs”.

*This will be done in a poster format and the work must be done by hand.  Do not cut and paste images or copy and paste information from the internet.  You must paraphrase or rewrite the information in your own words. Be sure to be clear and concise.   The project is done in assigned pairs and it must be completed in one class.*

Tour of the States Lyrics

I want … to take a little trip somewhere.

Places...I’ve never been, yeah!

Going on a tour …without a care.

I want…to take a little trip somewhere, yeah!

Places…I’ve never been, yeah!

Going…on a tour….tour…tour.

First, I’m gonna’ see Nashville, Tennessee, then Madison, Wisconsin, is where I gotta be.

Yeah!

Then I’ll take a plane

Well, actually I’m afraid to fly, so I think I’ll take a train

Let’s go!

Going to Trenton, New Jersey;

Frankfurt, Kentucky;

Maybe take a trip to Jackson, Mississippi;

Let’s see what they can show me in Jefferson City, Missouri;

Santa Fe, New Mexico;

Denver, Colorado;

Boise, Idaho;

I love it every time that I go.

In 1492, he sailed the ocean blue, but next week I’ll see Columbus in Ohio.

Grab a little sunshine in Tallahassee, Florida;

Take a bite out a peach in Atlanta, Georgia

I’ve never been to Carson City, in Nevada or Lincoln, Nebraska;

You can catch me in Phoenix, Arizona or Sacramento, California, yeah,

St. Paul, Minnesota, maybe Juneau, Alaska, yeah!

Friends say I gotta come sooner to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

I want … to take a little trip somewhere.

Places...I’ve never been, yeah!

Going on a tour …without a care.

I want…to take a little trip somewhere, yeah!

Places…I’ve never been, yeah!

Going…on a tour….tour…tour.

Boston, Massachusetts;

Concord, New Hampshire;

Going to Vermont for Montpelier;

 Montgomery, Alabama; then Washington, D.C., to see the nation’s capital;

Aloha to Honolulu, Hawaii;

Des Moines, Iowa, so peaceful to me ;

Going to Springfield, Illinois, to build a little house on a prairie.

In Little Rock, Arkansas, I love what I saw;

Going back to Dover, Delaware;

‘Cause I want more Indianapolis, Indiana;

And Hartford, Connecticut, need an encore

Smelling pine trees in Augusta, Main;

I like Topeka, Kansas;

I’m glad that I can

But I’ve never been to Salt Lake City, in the Utah or Richmond, Virginia;

Going to see Bismarck, North Dakota,

And Charleston, West Virginia;

Yeah, Annapolis, Maryland, maybe Lansing, Michigan;

Yeah,  Helena, Montana;

Columbia, South Carolina;

Got to go to Pierre, South Dakota;

Yeah, follow, if wanna;

I’ll be eating a banana in Baton Rouge, Louisiana;

Schedule that for my planner.

Friends say I gotta come sooner to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;

So, I guess I’m gonna…

But, first, I’m going to Cheyenne, Wyoming;

Then, party in Raleigh, North Carolina;

Harrisburg, Pennsylvania;

Can’t think of a rhyme for Pennsylvania.                      

So, I’m skipping to Salem, Oregon, then Austin, Texas;

And then, maybe Albany, New York for breakfast;

Providence, Rhode Island, was a blast, and Olympia, Washington, was just the “best-est”!

I want … to take a little trip somewhere.

Places...I’ve never been, yeah!

Going on a tour …without a care.

I want…to take a little trip somewhere, yeah!

Places…I’ve never been, yeah!

Going…on a tour….tour…tour.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfckeGW5CUg&list=RDgfckeGW5CUg&start_radio=1

7A:

W.O.W.L.A.M.A.

1. Wind Patterns

2. Ocean Currents

3. Bodies of Water 

4. Latitude 

5. Altitude

6. Mountain Barriers

7. Air Masses

1. Wind Systems

Water or land will heat up certain parts of the Earth because the rays of the sun have shone more directly.   Heated air rises and then it expands.  Cool air lowers or slides underneath the warm air.  These are known as convection currents.   The Earth rotates and there is more land in the Northern hemisphere.  The Coriolis force or the rotation of the Earth from west to east makes the winds spin clockwise in the North and counter clockwise to the South.  Prevailing winds is a fancy name for wind patterns.

2.  Ocean Currents

Cold Arctic water in the North moves downward to the warmer equatorial regions of the South or the equator.  This creates a clockwise conveyor belt movement in the North and a counter clockwise movement in the South.  The warm water of the Gulf of Mexico moves up along the Atlantic to England.  This known as the North Atlantic Drift and both ships and sea life can hitch a ride on this movement. The worse fear is that with Global Warming the conveyor belt could slow down.

3.  (Water Bodies) Bodies of Water

The larger the body of water or the larger the amount of water means that it has a higher heat capacity or takes longer to heat or cool.  In the winter, when the ground is frozen the large lake is warmer and above zero.  In the summer, the land heats up quickly and the water does not, so the land is warmer and the lake is cooler.  For Torontonians, Lake Ontario heats us up in the winter and cools us down in the summer. 

4. Latitude

The horizontal lines that run west to east and vice versa are imaginary.  The equator is 0 degrees and the further north you go the latitude measurement increases.  The further south you go the latitude measurement also increases. The sun is more direct at the equator and therefore that area is warmer.  Because of the tilt, at one time, the top or the bottom receive more direct light.

5. Altitude

This is how tall or how high something is above sea level.  The higher you are the air molecules are spread apart and more energy is required to make them collide or warm up.  The lower you are, the closer the air molecules are and it is easier for the sun to heat up or make the molecules collide.  For every I km, there is a 6 centigrade degree drop.

6. Mountain Barriers

Warm and moist winds from the ocean go up the mountain on the windward side.  Here is where the cooler air with moisture is released in the form of precipitation in either rain or snow.  The descending air lacks moisture and it slowly warms.  The wet side is the windward and the dry side is the leeward side.

7. Air Masses

Huge volumes of air moving exist  because of the unequal heating of the Earth by the sun are called air masses.  Each air mass has the same temperature and moisture level. If it is formed over an arctic area it will be very cold whereas if it is formed over a tropical area it will be very hot.

* A jet stream is equivalent to a "river of air" that exists high in the atmosphere.  It too affects weather and flight patterns.

7C must review their South American countries, colour their map on Central America and the Caribbean, and have their notes completed on the factors that influence climate.

7C will write their history quiz on Upper and Lower Canada, tomorrow morning.

Here is a video that reviews the factors that influence climate:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cz9L9M9koJk

Factors that Influence Climate

W.O.W.L.A.M.A.

1. Wind Patterns

2. Ocean Currents

3. Bodies of Water 

4. Latitude 

5. Altitude

6. Mountain Barriers

7. Air Masses

1. Wind Systems

Water or land will heat up certain parts of the Earth because the rays of the sun have shone more directly.   Heated air rises and then it expands.  Cool air lowers or slides underneath the warm air.  These are known as convection currents.   The Earth rotates and there is more land in the Northern hemisphere.  The Coriolis force or the rotation of the Earth from west to east makes the winds spin clockwise in the North and counter clockwise to the South.  Prevailing winds is a fancy name for wind patterns.

2.  Ocean Currents

Cold Arctic water in the North moves downward to the warmer equatorial regions of the South or the equator.  This creates a clockwise conveyor belt movement in the North and a counter clockwise movement in the South.  The warm water of the Gulf of Mexico moves up along the Atlantic to England.  This known as the North Atlantic Drift and both ships and sea life can hitch a ride on this movement. The worse fear is that with Global Warming the conveyor belt could slow down.

3.  (Water Bodies) Bodies of Water

The larger the body of water or the larger the amount of water means that it has a higher heat capacity or takes longer to heat or cool.  In the winter, when the ground is frozen the large lake is warmer and above zero.  In the summer, the land heats up quickly and the water does not, so the land is warmer and the lake is cooler.  For Torontonians, Lake Ontario heats us up in the winter and cools us down in the summer. 

4. Latitude

The horizontal lines that run west to east and vice versa are imaginary.  The equator is 0 degrees and the further north you go the latitude measurement increases.  The further south you go the latitude measurement also increases. The sun is more direct at the equator and therefore that area is warmer.  Because of the tilt, at one time, the top or the bottom receive more direct light.

5. Altitude

This is how tall or how high something is above sea level.  The higher you are the air molecules are spread apart and more energy is required to make them collide or warm up.  The lower you are, the closer the air molecules are and it is easier for the sun to heat up or make the molecules collide.  For every I km, there is a 6 centigrade degree drop.

6. Mountain Barriers

Warm and moist winds from the ocean go up the mountain on the windward side.  Here is where the cooler air with moisture is released in the form of precipitation in either rain or snow.  The descending air lacks moisture and it slowly warms.  The wet side is the windward and the dry side is the leeward side.

7. Air Masses


*Jet Streams

Grade 7 History Projects: the HMS Ambuscade, 1773

The Rebellions of Lower Canada

The Rebellions of Lower Canada

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydLgwAacp4g

The Rebellions of Lower Canada

1. Although the British defeated the French and took over the French Canadian colony of Lower Canada or Quebec,  French Canadians sided with the British in the Canadas during the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812, because the British did not change the seigneur or farming system, the Roman Catholic faith, and family laws. 

2. Criminal law was British.

3. By 1837, French Canadians grew tiresome of British rule and demanded the protection of their culture and more democracy.

4. Like Upper Canada, the British quickly crushed any rebellious activities since they had already lost the Thirteen American colonies to American independence.

5. Lower Canada, the lower part of the St. Lawrence River or Quebec, was largely French Canadian.

6. The habitants were largely the descendant of les filles du roi and other colonists of New France who farmed the land.

7.  English merchants or business people and Loyalists began to dominate the economy and the lieutenant governor appointed his friends and family members to the executive council to control politics.  This is known as nepotism and cronyism. 

8.  French Canadian academics, lawyers and doctors began to protest against colonial control or a lack of democracy and control among the legislative assembly.

9. The English elites, Lieutenant Governor Gosford and his Chateau Clique or hand-picked friends, controlled  politics in Canada.

Here was the chain of command:

The British Crown à Lieutenant Governor-à Executive Council (Family Compact in Upper Canada/Chateau Clique in Lower Canada-àLegislative Assembly (men who owned land)à those who were allowed to vote

The Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada had little power.

10. The laws passed approved the British or English elites, and the bills (suggested laws) that helped the French Canadians were largely vetoed or rejected.

11.  The Parti Patroite or the Patriot Party was formed under Papineau to create a voice for the French Canadian people.

12.  Papineau came up with 92 ideas or resolutions for change.

13.  French Canadians formed rebel groups  to overthrow the British troops and government.

14. The first battle occurred in St. Denis and the French Canadian rebels defeated British troops.

15. Nelson led the Patriotes forces against the British.

16.  The British defeated the Patriotes or rebels next at the Battle of St. Charles.

17.  The British retook St. Denis and burned it to the ground.

18.  Like Mackenzie in Upper Canada, Papineau escapes to the United States and lives in exile.

19.  At the Battle of Eustache, the British send more troops.  Rebels hide in a church.  The British set the church on fire to burn the rebels alive.

20. Skirmishes continue for two more years, Papineau and Nelson eventually are allowed to return and they fight for responsible government or greater democracy.  Their followers were largely arrested, executed, or exiled to the Caribbean.  French Canadian nationalism and the fight to preserve French Canadian culture still continued on during Confederation and to this day.

21. Rebellions did not occur in the Maritime colonies, but the journalist and politician Joseph Howe fought for responsible government or greater democratic reform.   British elites too controlled political power in the Maritime colonies of Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island,  New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Cape Breton. 

The Rebellions of Upper Canada in 1837

The Rebellions of Upper Canada 1837



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0AKQZA8muEI&t=181s

At this time, Upper and Lower Canada are controlled by England. The Maritime colonies
include New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Cape Breton, P.E.I.,  and Newfoundland. The colonial
government has an appointed lieutenant governor, named Sir Francis Bond Head,
and his assistant General Fitzgibbon.  The War of 1812 is over.  
Every seventh plot of land is given to the Protestant Church or one particular religion.
Farmers must physically build their own road in front of their farm.  The clergy reserves do
not build roads. The people want more roads and bridges. Farmers complain to their legislative
assembly representatives who then complain to the lieutenant governor and the executive
council.  Sir Francis Bond Head chose family members for council. This is nepotism,
when you favour family over others, and this group of men were called the Family Compact
in Upper Canada.  These men vetoed the wishes of the farmers. 
The farmers list seven grievances.  An election is rigged. The disgruntled farmers form a
rebel political party and meet in secrecy.  Here is a list of their problems or grievances:
1) Reformers were attacked by the Orangemen.
2) The economy is in crisis.
3) The election results were questioned.
4) The farmers wanted more democracy.
5) People were fearful of Americans or Loyalists.
6) The Family Compact were selected by family connections. 
7) One out of seven plots of land or clergy reserves is given to the Protestant
or Anglican church.
Mackenzie, with the help of Gibson, organize rebels who would meet at the Montgomery
Tavern.  They stormed down Yonge Street, but they retreated once British troops fired.
Mackenzie fled to the United States while his followers were executed or exiled.

We have a test on the War of 1812 on Tuesday, February the 4th.
Students must complete their history presentations by tomorrow.

We will be covering the Rebellions of 1837. 

Here is a video that we will be watching.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0AKQZA8muEI&t=425s

7A & 7B: War of 1812 Test on Tuesday, February the 4th.  Please have your hand written notes available for me to check on that day.

Overview of the WAR OF 1812 

16 Key Terms

1.       the French Revolution of 1789- France declared bankruptcy; the king was deposed; the people attempted
to introduce liberty, fraternity, equality, and democracy

2.       Napoleon Bonaparte-a military general who rose to power during the French Revolution and invaded
other European countries

3.       Louisiana- a territory from France that was sold to the United States

4.       impressments- forcing sailors to serve for another navvy

5.       American expansion into the Ohio Valley- settlers began expanding west of the Appalachian territories
into Native territories

6.       the Canadian militia- volunteer Canadians who served under British forces

7.       national identity- the belief that you and other people in your country share the same history,
set of beliefs, and other characteristics used to define your nation

8.       propaganda- lies told by the government

9.       jingoism- a fervent belief that your nation is superior to other nations

10.   romanticism- the idealized belief of your nation and the belief that one can only excel 
in your homeland or its culture

11.   stalemate- neither side is able to win enough battles, border  raids that are able to gain territory
or end a war

12.   the War Hawks- a term used by historians to label a group of powerfully influential American politicians
who strongly advocated a war against the British since Canada , Britain’s colony, was vulnerable while the
Britain fought France in Europe

13.   the Rideau Canal- a strategic canal built after the War of 1812 in Bytown (Ottawa) was intended to
carry supplies in the event of a future war

14.   the Lachine Canal- a canal built to bypass the rapids around Montreal, so ships could easily sail up the
St. Lawrence to Lake Ontario or Upper Canada; without canals, things were unloaded from ships and transported
overland to other ships; this was time consuming and costly

15.   Mr. Merrit’s Ditch (the early stages of the Welland Canal System)- the Niagara Region had a series
of canals built transport goods and people from Lake Ontario to the Chippawa River and eventually
the entrance of the Niagara River, because  the Niagara Falls prevented ships sailing up the river to Lake Erie

16.   the Treaty of Ghent- Americans and British representatives signed a treaty in Belgium because
the war had reached a stalemate

Heroes:

1   Tecumseh- a highly respected and key Native leader who was allied with Britain;
he was essential in the Battle of Detroit, and uniting Native forces against the Americans;
he died at the Battle of the Thames or present-day London, Ontario

2.   Sir Isaac Brock- an experienced officer who had a good rapport with Tecumseh and who
also died in the Battle of Queenston Heights

3.   Laura Secord- a woman who took a 23 km journey to warn General Fitzgibbon of an impending
American attack

4.   Charles de Salaberry- a French Canadian officer who led the Volitgeurs who defended
French Canada from American invasions

5.  Richard Pierport- was taken from Senegal to the American colonies; he fought
in the American Revolution against the Patriots and at 68, he offered to train a corps
of Black men in the Niagara region to fight in the War of 1812;
these men were instrumental in the Battle of Fort George and the Battle of Queenston
Heights

12 Major Battles of the War of the 1812 

1.   the Battle of Detroit-the first battle that was largely won using psychological tactics
since the fort was taken by a small group of Canadian militia, Native forces, and British troops

2.   the Battle of Queenston Heights- just south of Newark (modern-day Niagara-on-the-Lake)
a battle took place between American and British forces along the west side of the Niagara River

3.   the Battle of York- American forces crossed Lake Ontario and burned down Fort York
and neighbouring buildings; present-day Toronto was once called York

4.   the Battle of Beaver Dam-  British forces, thanks to Laura Secord, defeated American forces
around present-day St. Catharines and Thorold, Ontario 

5.   the Battle of Crysler’s Farm- British and French Canadian forces stopped a sizeable
invasion of American forces from invading Montreal

6.   the Battle of Lundy’s Lane- British forces suffered casualties and American forces retreated
around present day Niagara Falls

7.   the Battle of Washington- in retaliation to the burning of York, British forces burned down
the White House and attempted to take Baltimore;  the original White House was unpainted
because of the cost of paint; it was later restored and painted white

8.   the Battle of Baltimore- British forces attempted to take Baltimore and Fort McHenry;
the Americans sank their ships at the mouth of the harbour to create a man-made blockade;
the British failed to take the fort and the hail of cannon fire inspired a poet to write the lyrics
that would later become the national anthem for the American people

9.   the Battle of Stoney Creek- British forces defeated the American troops;
the American forces who later retreated at the 40 mile creek (present-day Grimsby)

10.  the Battle of the Châteauguay-took place on 26 October 1813. Canadian troops,
under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Charles-Michel  Salaberry,
defeated a larger American force

11   the Battle of New Orleans- although the War of 1812 had ended, news had not spread to the
United States; the Americans, nevertheless, defeated the British at this battle

12. the Battle of Plattsburgh-  also known as the Battle of Lake Champlain,
ended the final invasion of the northern states of the United States during the War of 1812

7 Causes of the War of 1812:
1) War Hawks
2) Impressments
3) Napoleon
4) Over confidence
5) No respect
6) Alliances
7) Cotton sellers
8) Ohio Valley
6) Weapons
7) Naval blockade  
Memory Trick: WINONA COWN 

1)        The politically powerful American group known as the ‘War Hawks” advocated the
American congress for war against Britain.
2)        In order to regain sailors, British ships boarded and ‘impressed’
or captured sailors from American ships to serve on British ships.
3)        The British were busy fighting a war with Napoleon in France, so Canada was vulnerable.
4)        America allied with France.
5)        Americans expanded into the Ohio Valley and disrupted native villages. 
The Natives allied with the British in many cases.
6)        The British sold or traded weapons with the Natives.
7)           Although it had declared independence in 1776, England did not respect America’s
sovereignty or independence. (America had declared bankruptcy twice before 1812.)
8)        Some, like Jefferson and Madison,  thought that a war with Canada would be
a ‘mere matter of marching’ and Canada would easily fall. This  was overconfidence.
9)        The British formed a naval blockade, so American ships could not trade with France.
This hurt businesses and trade.
10)      Southern planters could not sell cotton or tobacco to Britain because
there was an embargo or ban placed on American products.

The 13 Effects of the War of 1812 

Memory Trick:
CUDA CARPE DIEM
(Canals Unification Demilitarized Anti Americanism
Capital Assimilation Roads Pride Economic prosperity
Manifest Destiny Independence Expansion Myth-Making)

1)        The capital of Upper Canada moved from York (Toronto) to Bytown (Ottawa),
so the capital would be further from future American attack.
2)        The Rideau Canal was built in case an American attack would cut off the St. Lawrence
and cripple supplies from Lower Canada to Upper Canada.
3)         More roads were built to better move troops, supplies, settlers, and goods across the land.
4)        The Maritimes prospered economically since Halifax became a major center of operations.
5)         English and French colonists were united under a common enemy- America.
6)        American settlers were discouraged from settling in Canada. 
British immigration was promoted.
7)        The border known as the 49th  degree parallel was established which separates
British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba from the United States.
  8) The Great Lakes were demilitarized and shared, but Lake Ontario and Lake Champlain
were allowed to keep naval forces to prevent smuggling.
9)        Britain recognized America as independent by stopping impressments.
10)      America focused on expanding westward to their Pacific Coast. 
11)      There was greater nationalistic pride and participation in military campaigns.
12)      Despite great Native contributions, Native groups were assimilated into the military
and the dream of a Native confederacy was overturned.
13)      The Lachine and Welland Canals were built in order to increase supplies and trade.
14)      A great deal of myth making occurred since educators and historians saw the war as
an opportunity to promote nationalism and to create heroes.
15)      The memory of an American invasion lingered well up until the 1860’s and arguably
motivated Canadians to become a nation in 1867.